The DNS (domain name system) is essentially the address book of the internet. When you enter a website's URL, such as www.example.com, into your browser, DNS converts that easy-to-remember name to the numerical IP address that computers use to locate one another. Without DNS, you'd be required to remember strings of numbers instead of handy domain names. And let's face it, nobody's got time for that.

How DNS works

So how does the DNS really function behind the scenes? It's quite an impressive system that happens in milliseconds. Here's a simplified summary:

• You type in a web address. You type out a URL in your browser.
• DNS looks up the IP address. DNS queries a series of servers to locate the correct numerical IP address associated with that domain.
• The site is loaded. After the IP address is discovered, your browser connects to the proper server, and the site is loaded.

Why DNS matters 

DNS is what links your custom domain name to your website hosting service. Here’s why that’s so important:

• Professionalism – A custom domain name (like www.yourbusiness.com) makes your site look polished and trustworthy.
• Reliability – DNS makes sure that when users enter your URL, they're taken to the correct website in a timely manner.
• Flexibility – You can transfer your website to another hosting provider without modifying your domain name. DNS manages the rerouting.

Key features of DNS

DNS provides several key features:

• Domain name resolution – Converts domain names into IP addresses.
• Hierarchical structure – Organizes domain names into a hierarchical structure with different levels (e.g., top-level domains, second-level domains).
• Caching – Stores DNS query results temporarily to improve performance and reduce the load on DNS servers.
• Redundancy – Provides redundancy and fault tolerance through multiple DNS servers.

How to configure DNS for your website

Once you’re prepared to launch your website, configuring your DNS is among the last steps. Here's a brief rundown:

1. Register your domain. Purchase a custom domain from a business like GoDaddy, Namecheap, or Google Domains.
2. Connect to your website builder. If you’re working with a service such as B12, we'll guide you through the process of linking your domain to your site.
3. Modify DNS records. You'll typically need to add or change A records, CNAME records, and sometimes MX records. These tell DNS where your site and services are hosted.
4. Wait for propagation. It can take up to 48 hours for DNS changes to fully update worldwide, though it’s often faster.

Best practices for managing DNS

Implementing best practices can enhance the effectiveness of DNS:

• Use reliable DNS providers. Choose reputable DNS providers with high availability and performance.
• Implement DNSSEC. Enable DNSSEC to protect against DNS spoofing and ensure the integrity of DNS data.
• Track DNS performance. Track DNS performance on a regular basis and resolve any problem as soon as possible.
• Keep DNS records updated. Keep DNS records accurate and current to prevent disruptions.

FAQs about DNS 

Why is DNS important for my website?

DNS ensures visitors can reach your site by connecting your custom domain name to the right server. Without DNS, your website wouldn’t be accessible by its domain name.

What are DNS records?

DNS records are the instructions that tell DNS how to handle your domain. Common records include A records, CNAME records, and MX records. 

How can I manage DNS effectively?

To manage DNS effectively, use reliable DNS providers, implement DNSSEC, monitor DNS performance, and keep DNS records updated.

How long does it take for DNS changes to take effect?

DNS propagation takes anywhere from a few minutes to 48 hours. Throughout this period, some users might see the previous version of your site while others get the new version.

Can I change my website hosting without changing my domain name?

Yes! DNS makes it simple. You simply change the A records or CNAME records to point to the server of your new hosting company.

What happens if DNS goes down?

In the event of DNS server downtime, individuals may not be able to visit your site. It's unlikely to happen, but that's why it's critical to use a reliable DNS provider.

Build your website with B12

Ready to launch a website without getting bogged down by technical details like DNS? B12’s AI-powered website builder makes it easy to create a professional, mobile-friendly site. Plus, we’ll help you connect your domain with ease. Get your site live today!